5F-PB-22, a synthetic cannabinoid, has garnered attention in recent years as a designer drug, and with its growing popularity, the market for this substance has expanded significantly. This review delves into the world of 5F-PB-22 research chemical sellers, shedding light on the risks and challenges of purchasing this substance online.
- Online Availability: One of the most notable aspects of the 5F-PB-22 market is its accessibility. Numerous vendors offer this research chemical for sale on various platforms. While this accessibility may seem convenient for researchers, it also raises concerns about the quality and legitimacy of the product.
- Variability in Product Quality: Researchers who buy 5F-PB-22 online often need help assessing the quality of the substance they receive. The lack of standardized regulations in the research chemical market means that the composition and purity of 5F-PB-22 can vary significantly between vendors. This variability can undermine the reliability and reproducibility of research results.
- Legality and Ethics: The legitimacy of purchasing and using 5F-PB-22 for research is another issue to consider. Laws and regulations regarding synthetic cannabinoids like 5F-PB-22 continually evolve, and researchers must navigate a complex legal landscape. Ethical considerations also come into play, as using designer drugs in research raises questions about safety and responsible experimentation.
- Vendor Trustworthiness: Researchers must exercise caution when choosing a vendor. The market is saturated with sellers, some of whom may not prioritize product quality or customer safety. Finding a trustworthy vendor is crucial to ensuring that the 5F-PB-22 purchased is authentic and suitable for research purposes.
- Safety Concerns: The safety of handling and working with 5F-PB-22 is a paramount concern. Researchers must take adequate precautions to protect themselves and their teams. Inadequate safety measures can lead to accidents or health risks associated with exposure to synthetic cannabinoids.
Contents
- 1 Summary
- 2 Chemistry
- 3 Pharmacology
- 4 Subjective effects
- 5 Toxicity
- 6 Legal status
- 7 FAQ
- 7.1 1. What is 5F-PB-22?
- 7.2 2. How is 5F-PB-22 typically used?
- 7.3 3. What are the effects of 5F-PB-22?
- 7.4 4. Is 5F-PB-22 safe to use?
- 7.5 5. Is 5F-PB-22 legal?
- 7.6 6. Can 5F-PB-22 lead to addiction?
- 7.7 7. What are the potentially dangerous interactions with 5F-PB-22?
- 7.8 8. How should I practice harm reduction when using 5F-PB-22?
- 8 References
Summary
5F-PB-22, also known as 5F-QUPIC, is a synthetic cannabinoid compound with limited scientific research into its pharmacology. It acts as an agonist for cannabinoid receptors, resulting in subjective effects similar to the sedating qualities of cannabis. Despite its relatively unknown pharmacological profile, 5F-PB-22 has entered the market as a research chemical, often sold by online vendors in a legal grey area.
Typically, cannabinoids are consumed through smoking or vaporization to achieve rapid onset and short-lived effects. However, 5F-PB-22 demonstrates oral activity when dissolved in lipid-based solutions, leading to a prolonged duration of action. Similar to other cannabinoids, it does not dissolve in water but can be dissolved in ethanol and lipids.
It is crucial to highlight a significant distinction from natural cannabis: the chronic misuse of synthetic cannabinoids has been linked to severe health risks, including fatalities. There have been reports of five deaths associated with using 5F-PB-22 in the United States. Consequently, using this substance over extended periods or in excessive doses is strongly discouraged due to the potential for dangerous side effects and heightened toxicity.
In summary, 5F-PB-22 is a synthetic cannabinoid known for limited scientific exploration. While it may induce effects akin to cannabis, its safety profile is less well-understood, with documented cases of severe adverse reactions and fatalities. As such, caution is advised when dealing with this substance, and prolonged or excessive use should be avoided.
Identifiers | |
---|---|
IUPAC name | |
CAS Number | 1400742-41-7 |
---|---|
ChemSpider | 29341631 |
UNII | QCB63R9792 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID60857138 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C23H21FN2O2 |
Molar mass | 376.431 g·mol−1 |
Chemistry
5F-PB-22, scientifically called quinoline-8-yl 1-pentyfluoro-1H-indole-3-8-carboxylate, is a synthetic compound characterized by its indole carboxylate structure. This core structure closely resembles other cannabinoid substances, such as PB-22, JWH-018, and AM2201.
The molecular structure 5F-PB-22 consists of an ether formation denoted as R-O-R’, where two sub-units are linked through an oxygen bridge. The indole group, a hallmark of these compounds, is at R5 and features a fluorophenyl chain substitution, similar to 5F-AKB48. Furthermore, at R3 of the indole core, a carboxylic acid group is present. The terminal end of this carboxylic acid forms an ether bond with a quinoline group located at R8 within the heterocycle.
Essentially, 5F-PB-22 can be characterized as a unique synthetic compound with a complex molecular arrangement, sharing structural similarities with other compounds within the cannabinoid family. Understanding its chemical structure is essential for comprehending its potential effects and interactions.
Pharmacology
While no formal research has been conducted on this substance, an analysis of its structure suggests that 5F-PB-22 may share a binding profile similar to that of other cannabinoids. It is presumed to exhibit many in vivo properties akin to Δ9-THC. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions and their contribution to the overall cannabinoid high experience remain largely unclear.
Subjective effects
- Disclaimer: The following effects are based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors, known as the Subjective Effect Index (SEI). Remember that these effects should be viewed with scepticism due to the absence of formal research on the subject.
- Variability: It’s important to note that the effects of 5F-PB-22 may not occur predictably or consistently. Higher doses are more likely to induce the full spectrum of products. In comparison, adverse effects become increasingly expected with higher doses, including the potential for addiction, severe injury, or even death ☠.
Physical:
- Spontaneous physical sensations: 5F-PB-22 can produce a warm, pleasurable tingling sensation that spreads across the body. This sensation rises with the onset and reaches its peak before dissipating.
- Sedation: Users commonly experience a very sedating effect, promoting relaxation, lying down, and, at higher doses, falling asleep. It can be more sedating compared to several other cannabinoids.
- Motor control loss: This substance partially to moderately suppresses motor control, with intensity increasing with dose but rarely rendering users completely immobile.
- Appetite enhancement: Like many cannabinoids, 5F-PB-22 can increase appetite, commonly called “the munchies.”
- Dehydration: Known colloquially as “cotton mouth.”
- Vasodilation: Cannabinoids tend to lower blood pressure by expanding blood vessels increasing blood flow and heart rate.
- Pain relief: 5F-PB-22, like other cannabinoids, can offer pain relief by activating cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2.
- Perception of bodily heaviness or lightness
- Changes in gravity: Vertigo and sensations of falling may occur at moderate doses but tend to diminish with increased tolerance.
- Increased heart rate
Visual:
- Colour enhancement
- Acuity suppression
- Geometry: 5F-PB-22 can induce closed-eye visuals at moderate doses, sometimes escalating into visual distortions like ripples in the field of vision. These visuals are typically mild and minor compared to other synthetic cannabinoids.
Cognitive:
- Emotion enhancement: Cannabinoids enhance existing emotions proportionally to the dose, resulting in euphoria, increased laughter, and improved immersion or, conversely, anxiety and paranoia, depending on the user’s state of mind.
- Euphoria: Prominent but less intense than certain other cannabinoids.
- Thought connectivity: Promoting fluid, abstract thinking compared to linear thought.
- Anxiety: Subjectively less anxiogenic than some cannabinoids but more so than others.
- Paranoia: All cannabinoids can induce paranoia at high doses or with chronic use.
- Thought deceleration
- Conceptual thinking
- Mindfulness
- Analysis suppression
- Dream suppression
- Immersion enhancement
- Psychosis: Prolonged use of synthetic cannabinoids may increase the risk of psychosis, particularly in individuals with predisposing factors.
- Increased music appreciation
Auditory:
- Enhancements
Combinational:
- Psychedelics: When combined with psychedelics, cannabinoids can intensify and prolong visual and cognitive effects.
- Dissociatives: Combining cannabinoids with dissociatives enhances geometry, euphoria, dissociation, and hallucinations.
- Alcohol: Mixing cannabinoids with alcohol can lead to extreme nausea, dizziness, and changes in gravity. It’s advisable to consume cannabinoids before alcohol to avoid adverse effects.
Toxicity
The toxicity and potential long-term health consequences of recreational 5F-PB-22 use remain unexplored within scientific research, making it challenging to determine precise toxic dosages. This limited understanding is attributed to this compound’s scarce history of human usage. Informal experiments have indicated that even at doses lower than those considered dangerous, an overdose can result in significant physical discomfort, including heart palpitations, vertigo, and sedation, often leading to pronounced anxiety or sleepiness.
Numerous hospital reports and post-mortem analyses have been associated with 5F-PB-22, with five documented deaths linked to its use in the United States. Consequently, it is strongly discouraged for individuals with pre-existing severe mental conditions to ingest substances like 5F-PB-22 due to their potential to amplify one’s existing mental and emotional state significantly. Additionally, akin to THC, prolonged consumption of synthetic cannabinoids may elevate the risk of mental health issues and psychosis, particularly in individuals predisposed to psychotic illnesses, such as those with a family history of schizophrenia.
Given that synthetic cannabinoids are active within the milligram range (with doses below 5mg being shared), it is imperative to exercise caution when dosing to avoid adverse experiences. Emphasizing harm reduction practices is essential when using this substance.
Tolerance and Addiction Potential:
The chronic use of 5F-PB-22 is associated with moderate addictive potential and a high risk of abuse, potentially leading to psychological dependence. Individuals who develop an addiction may experience cravings and withdrawal effects upon discontinuation.
Tolerance to the effects of 5F-PB-22 typically develops with sustained and repeated use. As a result, users often find themselves requiring increasingly larger doses to achieve the same impact. Tolerance reduction occurs within 3 to 7 days to reach half the tolerance level and 1 to 2 weeks to return to baseline without further consumption. It’s important to note that 5F-PB-22 exhibits cross-tolerance with all cannabinoids, meaning that consuming 5F-PB-22 can reduce the effects of other cannabinoids.
Dangerous Interactions:
Caution is warranted when combining 5F-PB-22 with other substances, as some interactions can pose serious risks, including life-threatening situations. While the list below highlights known dangerous interactions, it may not encompass all potential dangers:
- 2C-T-x
- 2C-x
- 5-MeO-xxT
- Amphetamines: Stimulants can increase anxiety levels and the likelihood of thought loops, potentially leading to negative experiences.
- aMT
- Cocaine: Stimulants like cocaine can elevate anxiety levels and amplify the risk of thought loops.
- DMT
- DOx
- LSD
- Mescaline
- Mushrooms
- 25x-NBOMe
Legal status
5F-PB-22 was initially developed as a response to the tightening drug prohibition laws that aimed to restrict the possession and sale of numerous synthetic cannabinoids. Consequently, it has managed to maintain legality in several regions across the globe.
However, its legal status varies by country:
- China: As of October 2015, 5F-PB-22 has been classified as a controlled substance in China, subject to legal restrictions.[14]
- Germany: In Germany, 5F-PB-22 is regulated under Anlage II BtMG, part of the Narcotics Act and categorized as Schedule II. This legal designation was established on December 13, 2014, making it illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, purchase, sell, procure, or dispense this substance without the appropriate license.[15][16][17]
- Latvia: 5F-PB-22 is categorized as a Schedule I controlled substance in Latvia, subject to strict legal controls.[18]
- Switzerland: Switzerland has specifically classified 5F-PB-22 as a controlled substance listed under Verzeichnis D, subject to legal regulations.[19]
- United Kingdom: In the United Kingdom, 5F-PB-22 falls under the Class B category within the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition. This classification, effective since December 14, 2016, deems it illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import this substance.[20]
- United States: As of January 2014, 5F-PB-22 was classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, subjecting it to strict legal restrictions.[21]
It’s crucial to stay informed about the legal status of 5F-PB-22 in your specific region and adhere to local laws and regulations regarding its possession and usage.
FAQ
1. What is 5F-PB-22?
5F-PB-22, also known as quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyfluoro-1H-indole-3-8-carboxylate, is a synthetic cannabinoid. It shares structural similarities with other synthetic cannabinoids and is known for producing effects similar to cannabis.
2. How is 5F-PB-22 typically used?
5F-PB-22 is commonly smoked or vaporized to achieve rapid onset effects. It can also be orally active when dissolved in a lipid, prolonging its duration. However, it’s important to note that, like other cannabinoids, it’s insoluble in water but dissolves in ethanol and lipids.
3. What are the effects of 5F-PB-22?
The effects of 5F-PB-22 can vary widely among individuals and doses. Commonly reported effects include a “body high,” sedation, motor control loss, increased appetite, and changes in perception. It’s essential to remember that these effects may only occur sometimes or reliably.
4. Is 5F-PB-22 safe to use?
The safety of 5F-PB-22 has not been extensively studied, and its long-term health effects are largely unknown. It’s associated with adverse effects, including heart palpitations, vertigo, sedation, and anxiety, even at lower doses. There have been reports of hospitalizations and deaths linked to its use.
5. Is 5F-PB-22 legal?
The legality of 5F-PB-22 varies by country and region. It is illegal or controlled in several countries, including the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Users must be aware of and adhere to their local laws and regulations.
6. Can 5F-PB-22 lead to addiction?
Like many synthetic cannabinoids, 5F-PB-22 can be addictive and lead to psychological dependence. Users may experience cravings and withdrawal effects when discontinuing use. Tolerance can develop, requiring larger doses for the same results.
7. What are the potentially dangerous interactions with 5F-PB-22?
Combining 5F-PB-22 with other substances, such as stimulants (e.g., amphetamines, cocaine), psychedelics, or dissociatives, can lead to unpredictable and potentially dangerous interactions. It’s essential to research potential interactions thoroughly and exercise caution.
8. How should I practice harm reduction when using 5F-PB-22?
To minimize risks, always start with a low dose, use proper equipment for administration, avoid mixing with other substances, and be aware of your tolerance levels. It’s also crucial to have a trusted friend present when using, stay hydrated, and seek medical help if you experience adverse effects.
References
- Wohlfarth, A., Gandhi, A. S., Pang, S., Zhu, M., Scheidweiler, K. B., Huestis, M. A. (1 February 2014). “Metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids PB-22 and its 5-fluoro analogue, 5F-PB-22, by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry”. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 406 (6): 1763–1780. doi:10.1007/s00216-014-7668-0. ISSN 1618-2650.](https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/13169m.pdf)
- Synthetic cannabinoids in Europe
- Mechoulam, R., ed. (1986). Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. CRC Press. ISBN 9780849357725.
- How Marijuana Works, 2001.
- Martín-Sánchez, E., Furukawa, T. A., Taylor, J., Martin, J. L. R. (November 2009). “Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cannabis Treatment for Chronic Pain”. Pain Medicine. 10 (8): 1353–1368. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00703.x. ISSN 1526-2375.
- Lynch, M. E., Campbell, F. (November 2011). “Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials: Cannabinoids for pain”. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 72 (5): 735–744. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03970.x. ISSN 0306-5251.
- Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Witton, J., Murray, R. M. (February 2004). “Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: an examination of the evidence”. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 184 (2): 110–117. doi:10.1192/bjp.184.2.110. ISSN 0007-1250.
- Every-Palmer, S. (September 2011). “Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: An explorative study”. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 117 (2–3): 152–157. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.012. ISSN 0376-8716.
- Schneir, A. B., Cullen, J., Ly, B. T. (1 March 2011). “”Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication”. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 40 (3): 296–299. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.10.014. ISSN 0736-4679.
- **Vearrier, D., Osterhoudt, K. C. (June 2010). “A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed”. Pediatric Emergency Care. 26 (6): 462–465. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181e4f416. ISSN 0749-5161.
- Behonick, G., Shanks, K. G., Firchau, D. J., Mathur, G., Lynch, C. F., Nashelsky, M., Jaskierny, D. J., Meroueh, C. (October 2014). “Four Postmortem Case Reports with Quantitative Detection of the Synthetic Cannabinoid, 5F-PB-22”. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 38 (8): 559–562. doi:10.1093/jat/bku048. ISSN 0146-4760.
- “关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知” (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- “Anlage II BtMG” (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- “Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften” (PDF) (in German). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- “§ 29 BtMG” (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Zaudējis spēku – Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem
- “Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien” (in German). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016
- http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2014/fr0110_10.htm