AB-FUBINACA, a synthetic cannabinoid and designer drug, has gained notoriety in recent years for its potential medical applications and illicit recreational use. As a result, numerous sellers and vendors have emerged in the online marketplace, offering this compound for sale. However, this proliferation of AB-FUBINACA research chemical sellers raises significant concerns that warrant critical evaluation.
First and foremost, the online availability of AB-FUBINACA raises questions about the ethics and legality of its sale. While some sellers claim to offer AB-FUBINACA for research purposes only, the reality is that this compound often ends up in the hands of recreational users seeking a potent synthetic cannabinoid. This ethical dilemma underscores the need for stricter regulation of such sales to ensure that AB-FUBINACA is only accessible to qualified researchers.
Moreover, the quality and purity of online AB-FUBINACA products are highly questionable. Research chemicals are typically synthesized in unregulated environments, making it challenging to guarantee their safety and consistency. Buyers face significant risks when purchasing substances containing impurities or unexpected contaminants, potentially resulting in adverse health effects.
Additionally, the lack of comprehensive research on AB-FUBINACA’s long-term effects and safety profile underscores the irresponsibility of selling it online. While there may be legitimate scientific interest in studying this compound, promoting and selling AB-FUBINACA for recreational use outweighs the potential benefits. The absence of rigorous scientific oversight and clinical trials further muddles the waters of its true potential and risks.
Contents
- 1 Summary
- 2 Chemistry
- 3 Pharmacology
- 4 Subjective effects
- 5 Toxicity
- 6 Legal status
- 7 FAQ
- 7.1 1. What is AB-FUBINACA?
- 7.2 2. What are the effects of AB-FUBINACA?
- 7.3 3. Is AB-FUBINACA legal?
- 7.4 4. Is AB-FUBINACA safe to use?
- 7.5 5. How is AB-FUBINACA consumed?
- 7.6 6. Can AB-FUBINACA be addictive?
- 7.7 7. Are there dangerous interactions with AB-FUBINACA?
- 7.8 8. How can I reduce harm when using AB-FUBINACA?
- 7.9 9. Should I seek medical help if I experience adverse effects from AB-FUBINACA?
- 8 References
Summary
AB-FUBINACA, a novel synthetic cannabinoid compound, belongs to a group known for producing cannabis-like effects upon administration.
Initially developed by Pfizer in 2009 for its analgesic potential,[1] AB-FUBINACA was not further explored for human use. However, in 2012, it was unexpectedly identified as an ingredient in synthetic cannabis blends in Japan, alongside a related compound called AB-PINACA, which had not been previously reported.
Typically, cannabinoids are consumed through smoking or vaporization to achieve rapid onset and offset of effects. Interestingly, AB-FUBINACA exhibits oral activity when dissolved in lipids, leading to a considerably prolonged duration of action. Like other cannabinoids, it remains insoluble in water but readily dissolves in ethanol and lipids.
It is essential to highlight a crucial distinction between synthetic cannabinoids like AB-FUBINACA and natural cannabis. Prolonged abuse of synthetic cannabinoids has been linked to multiple fatalities and poses more severe side effects and higher toxicity risks. Consequently, consuming this substance for extended periods or in excessive doses is strongly discouraged. Prioritizing safety and responsible usage practices is imperative when dealing with synthetic cannabinoids.
Identifiers | |
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IUPAC name | |
CAS Number | 1185282-01-2 |
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PubChem CID | 58124325 |
ChemSpider | 28537614 |
UNII | I7PZF0KTFK |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID70728845 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C20H21FN4O2 |
Molar mass | 368.412 g·mol−1 |
![](https://researchem.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/AB-FUBINAC.png)
Chemistry
AB-FUBINACA, also known as N-[(1S)-1-(Aminocarbonyl)-2-methylpropyl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, is classified as a synthetic indazole carboxamide compound due to its structural foundation, which includes a substituted indazole core. In this structure, a 4-substituted fluorophenyl group is intricately linked to the indazole core via a methyl group situated at R1 of the indazole. Furthermore, this indazole exhibits substitution at R3 with a carboxamide group. The terminal amine of this carboxamide entity forms a connection with a substituted propyl chain, featuring an aminocarbonyl group at R1 and a methyl group at R2.
Pharmacology
While AB-FUBINACA has not undergone official research, an analysis of its structure suggests potential similarities in binding profiles to other cannabinoids and shares several in vivo characteristics with Δ9-THC. AB-FUBINACA exerts its diverse effects by acting as a full agonist on both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, with a degree of selectivity towards CB2. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms of these interactions and their contribution to the overall cannabinoid high experience remain largely unknown.
Subjective effects
Please be advised that the effects listed below are based on the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), which relies on anecdotal user reports and personal analyses by contributors to PsychonautWiki. Consequently, it is advisable to approach these effects with a degree of scepticism.
Furthermore, it is essential to understand that these effects may not occur consistently or predictably. Higher doses are more likely to induce a broader range of impact, and as the dose increases, the risk of adverse effects such as addiction, severe injury, or even death also rises ☠.
Physical:
- Sedation: Generally, AB-FUBINACA tends to have a sedating effect on the user’s energy levels, promoting relaxation and, at higher doses, potentially leading to drowsiness. Physical activity can counteract this sedation to some extent.
- Spontaneous physical sensations: The “body high” associated with AB-FUBINACA often manifests as a warm, soft, and pleasurable tingling sensation that envelops the body following ingestion. This sensation gradually intensifies upon onset, reaching its peak before slowly fading. At higher doses, this feeling can become uncomfortably intense.
- Motor control loss: AB-FUBINACA may lead to partial to moderate suppression of motor control. While higher doses can intensify this effect, they rarely render users unable to walk or perform basic movements.
- Appetite enhancement: Like many other cannabinoids, AB-FUBINACA tends to increase appetite, colloquially known as “the munchies.” Clinical studies and surveys have shown that cannabis enhances food enjoyment and interest in eating. This effect is believed to be linked to the activation of cannabinoid receptors in the hypothalamus that regulate food intake.
- Changes in felt gravity: AB-FUBINACA has the potential to induce vertigo, making the environment appear to spin or oscillate. At moderate doses, it may spontaneously create a sensation of falling, which can be overwhelming and uncomfortable.
- Perception of bodily heaviness or lightness
- Dehydration
- Dry mouth
- Nausea
Visual:
- Recursion
- Visual haze
- Geometry
Cognitive:
- Anxiety
- Paranoia: It is important to note that all cannabinoids have the potential to induce paranoia, particularly at high doses or with chronic use.
- Thought connectivity
- Thought deceleration
- Conceptual thinking
- Analysis suppression
- Dream suppression
- Immersion enhancement
- Psychosis: Prolonged use of synthetic cannabinoids like AB-FUBINACA may elevate the risk of psychosis, especially in individuals with predisposing factors for psychotic disorders, such as a family history of schizophrenia.
- Personal meaning enhancement
- Increased music appreciation
Auditory:
- Auditory distortion
- Auditory hallucination
Experience reports
There are no anecdotal reports describing the effects of this compound in our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found on Erowid Experience Vaults: AB-FUBINACA.
Toxicity
The toxicity and long-term health consequences of recreational AB-FUBINACA use have not undergone scientific investigation, and the precise toxic dosage remains unknown. This is primarily due to the limited history of human usage associated with AB-FUBINACA. Anecdotal reports from individuals within the community who have experimented with AB-FUBINACA suggest that there are no apparent adverse health effects when the drug is used in low to moderate doses occasionally. However, it is essential to emphasize that no guarantees can be made regarding its safety.
Informal experiments have indicated that overdosing on AB-FUBINACA can lead to physical discomfort, including symptoms such as heart palpitations, vertigo, and sedation. These effects can manifest even at doses well below dangerous levels, often resulting in significant anxiety or sleepiness.
Notably, AB-FUBINACA has been linked to numerous hospitalizations and fatalities related to its usage.
Individuals with pre-existing severe mental conditions are generally advised against using such substances due to their potential to intensify their current emotional and mental state significantly. Prolonged use of synthetic cannabinoids, akin to THC, may elevate the risk of mental health issues and psychosis, particularly in individuals with predisposing factors such as a family history of schizophrenia or a personal account of the condition.
Given that synthetic cannabinoids are active in tiny amounts (typically below 5mg per dose), it is crucial to exercise caution and adhere to proper dosing practices to prevent adverse experiences.
Harm reduction practices are strongly recommended when using this substance.
Tolerance and Addiction Potential:
Like other synthetic cannabinoids, chronic use of AB-FUBINACA can be moderately addictive and has a high potential for abuse, potentially leading to psychological dependence in certain users. Once addiction sets in, individuals may experience cravings and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.
Tolerance to many of AB-FUBINACA’s effects develops with repeated and prolonged use, necessitating progressively larger doses to achieve the same impact. Reducing tolerance to half may take approximately 3 to 7 days, with a return to baseline tolerance typically occurring within 1 to 2 weeks without further consumption. It’s important to note that AB-FUBINACA induces cross-tolerance with all other cannabinoids, meaning that after its use, the effects of all cannabinoids will be diminished.
Dangerous Interactions:
Warning: Combining psychoactive substances, even those considered safe when used alone, can become dangerous or life-threatening when paired with certain other substances. The following list highlights some known dangerous interactions but may not encompass all possibilities. Independent research (e.g., Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) is essential to confirm the safety of combining two or more substances. Some interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
- 2C-T-x
- 2C-x
- 5-MeO-xxT
- Amphetamines: Combining stimulants with AB-FUBINACA can increase anxiety levels and the risk of thought loops, potentially leading to negative experiences.
- aMT
- Cocaine: Stimulants like cocaine can elevate anxiety levels and the risk of thought loops, which may result in adverse outcomes.
- DMT
- DOx
- LSD
- Mescaline
- Mushrooms
- 25x-NBOMe
Legal status
Internationally, AB-FUBINACA was included in the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances as a Schedule II controlled substance in March 2020.
Specifically:
- China: As of October 2015, AB-FUBINACA has been classified as a controlled substance in China.
- Germany: AB-FUBINACA is regulated under Anlage II BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule II) as of December 13, 2014. Its manufacture, possession, import, export, purchase, sale, procurement, or distribution is illegal without a license.
- Latvia: AB-FUBINACA is categorized as a Schedule I drug in Latvia.
- Poland: AB-FUBINACA is listed under the II-P group as of March 11, 2021. It is prohibited to own, possess, or sell it in Poland.
- Switzerland: AB-FUBINACA is a controlled substance, mentioned explicitly in Verzeichnis E.
- United Kingdom: AB-FUBINACA falls under the Class B controlled substances category, as defined by the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic description, effective since December 14, 2016. Possessing, producing, supplying, or importing this substance in the United Kingdom is illegal.
- United States: In January 2014, AB-FUBINACA was classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.
FAQ
1. What is AB-FUBINACA?
AB-FUBINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid compound. It is an artificial chemical designed to mimic the effects of naturally occurring cannabinoids, such as those found in the cannabis plant.
2. What are the effects of AB-FUBINACA?
The impact of AB-FUBINACA can vary widely, but they typically include relaxation, altered sensory perception, changes in mood, and increased appetite. Some users also report experiencing anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations.
3. Is AB-FUBINACA legal?
The legal status of AB-FUBINACA varies from country to country and even within regions of some countries. It is classified as a controlled substance in many places, making it illegal to manufacture, possess, buy, or sell without proper authorization. Always check the specific laws in your area before considering any substance.
4. Is AB-FUBINACA safe to use?
The safety of AB-FUBINACA is a subject of concern. It has been associated with adverse effects, including anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations. Moreover, synthetic cannabinoids like AB-FUBINACA have been sometimes linked to hospitalizations and even deaths. Using any synthetic substance carries risks, and caution is advised.
5. How is AB-FUBINACA consumed?
AB-FUBINACA is typically smoked or vaporized, similar to how cannabis is consumed. It is often found in various forms, including powder or liquid solutions.
6. Can AB-FUBINACA be addictive?
Like many synthetic cannabinoids, AB-FUBINACA has a high potential for psychological dependence. Users may develop cravings and withdrawal symptoms if they suddenly stop using it after prolonged and repeated consumption.
7. Are there dangerous interactions with AB-FUBINACA?
Yes, AB-FUBINACA can interact dangerously with other substances. Combining it with stimulants like amphetamines or cocaine can increase anxiety levels and the risk of adverse experiences. Always research potential drug interactions before using any substances together.
8. How can I reduce harm when using AB-FUBINACA?
If you choose to use AB-FUBINACA despite the risks, it is essential to practice harm reduction. This includes starting with a low dose, avoiding frequent use, and using the substance in a safe and controlled environment. Additionally, never use synthetic cannabinoids if you have pre-existing mental health conditions.
9. Should I seek medical help if I experience adverse effects from AB-FUBINACA?
Yes, if you or someone you know experiences severe or concerning side effects after using AB-FUBINACA, seek immediate medical assistance. Don’t hesitate to contact healthcare professionals who can provide appropriate care and support. Your health and safety should always be a top priority.
References
- Howlett, A. C., in a study published in August 2002, explored cannabinoid receptors, shedding light on the science behind substances like AB-FUBINACA.
- Uchiyama et al., in a January 2013 study, identified AB-PINACA and AB-FUBINACA as designer drugs in illegal products, contributing to our understanding of these compounds.
- Mechoulam’s edited work in 1986, “Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents,” provides valuable insights into cannabinoids, including their potential therapeutic applications.
- I am interested in understanding how marijuana works. “How Marijuana Works,” published in 2001, offers an informative resource.
- Arseneault et al.’s study in February 2004 examined the potential causal association between cannabis and psychosis, providing insights into the effects of cannabinoids.
- Every-Palmer’s explorative study in September 2011 focused on the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and its potential connection to psychosis, contributing to our knowledge of synthetic cannabinoids.
- Schneir et al., in a March 2011 study, delved into the intoxication effects of synthetic cannabinoids, such as those found in “Spice” products.
- Vearrier and Osterhoudt, in their June 2010 study, discussed a teenager’s case involving synthetic cannabinoids, highlighting the importance of understanding their effects, especially on young individuals.
- Trecki et al., in a July 2015 publication, discussed synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths, emphasizing the potential dangers of these substances.
- Klavž et al., in August 2016, reported a case of non-fatal intoxication with various synthetic cannabinoids, including AB-CHMINACA and AB-FUBINACA, further illustrating the potential risks of these compounds.
- In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended scheduling 12 new psychoactive substances, potentially including AB-FUBINACA, indicating growing international concern.
- The UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances added AB-FUBINACA as a Schedule II controlled substance in March 2020, reflecting global efforts to control its distribution and Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States have implemented legal controls and restrictions on AB-FUBINACA to address its potential risks.
- It is essential to refer to these scientific studies and legal regulations for a comprehensive understanding of AB-FUBINACA and its implications.