Dichloropane, a relatively obscure research chemical, has been making waves in specific online communities as a potential psychostimulant. However, the murky world of online sellers offering this substance raises significant concerns regarding its safety and legality.
One of the primary issues with Dichloropane is the need for more reputable and regulated vendors. Many online sellers claim to offer this designer drug, but the quality and purity of their products still need to be investigated. The absence of proper oversight and regulation in the sale of research chemicals like Dichloropane leaves consumers vulnerable to a wide range of risks, including ingesting impurities or substances with unknown effects on human health.
Furthermore, the legality of Dichloropane is a gray area in many countries, as it often falls outside the scope of controlled substances legislation. This legal ambiguity can lead to potential legal consequences for those who buy and use the substance, adding another layer of risk to the equation.
The online market for research chemicals is rife with sellers looking to profit from the demand for these substances. They often need more transparency in their operations and may need to provide adequate information about the potential risks associated with their products. This lack of accountability can have severe consequences for unsuspecting buyers.
The online market for Dichloropane and other research chemicals is a concerning landscape. Buyers should exercise extreme caution when considering a purchase from any vendor claiming to have these substances for sale. Without proper regulation and oversight, the risks of buying and using Dichloropane are substantial, including potential health hazards and legal repercussions. It is essential for individuals interested in exploring research chemicals to prioritize their safety and well-being by seeking out reliable sources and staying informed about the legal and health implications of their choices.
Contents
- 1 SUMMARY
- 2 Chemistry
- 3 Pharmacology
- 4 Subjective effects
- 5 Toxicity
- 6 Legal status
- 7 FAQ
- 7.1 1. What is Dichloropane?
- 7.2 2. Is Dichloropane legal?
- 7.3 3. What are the effects of Dichloropane?
- 7.4 4. Is Dichloropane addictive?
- 7.5 5. What are the risks associated with Dichloropane?
- 7.6 6. Can Dichloropane cause psychosis?
- 7.7 7. Are there dangerous drug interactions with Dichloropane?
- 7.8 8. How should I use Dichloropane safely?
- 8 References
SUMMARY
Dichloropane, also recognized as RTI-111 or O-401, represents an innovative stimulant belonging to the phenyltropane class. Its effects encompass heightened alertness, accelerated thought processes, appetite suppression, and a sense of euphoria. Notably, it shares a structural resemblance to cocaine and exhibits several similar effects, except for the absence of local anesthetic properties.
Scientific studies in animals have indicated that Dichloropane has a comparatively slower onset and a more extended duration of action when compared to cocaine. According to anecdotal accounts, it retains the fundamental stimulant characteristics of cocaine but offers a diminished euphoric sensation, a more prolonged aftereffect, and a reduced overall sense of enjoyment.
Dichloropane initially surfaced in the research chemical market circa 2010. It stands as one of the first analogs of cocaine to become accessible (albeit in limited quantities) through online research chemical platforms.
Regrettably, there remains a dearth of comprehensive knowledge regarding the pharmacology, metabolism, and toxicity of Dichloropane. Consequently, it is strongly recommended that individuals exercise harm reduction practices if they choose to employ this substance. This entails taking meticulous precautions to minimize potential risks associated with its use, given the limited understanding of its effects and safety profile.
Identifiers | |
---|---|
show IUPAC name | |
CAS Number | 146725-34-0 |
PubChem CID | 127024 |
ChemSpider | 112783 |
UNII | V7SQE82R87 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID20932894 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C15H17Cl2NO2 |
Molar mass | 314.21 g·mol−1 |
Chemistry
Dichloropane is derived from 3-phenyltropane, with methylecgonidine serving as its direct precursor. In its powdered form, it is typically produced as a hydrochloride salt.
The structural resemblance of Dichloropane to compounds such as cocaine, atropine, and hyoscine lies in its possession of a tropane ring. In the case of RTI-111, this tropane ring incorporates a carbomethoxy group, a feature also present in cocaine. What sets RTI-111 apart from cocaine is the additional presence of a dichlorinated phenyl ring. Specifically, the phenyl ring of RTI-111 is chlorinated at both the R3 and R4 positions. In contrast, cocaine’s phenyl ring is linked to its tropane ring by a carboxylate group.
Pharmacology
The central nervous system’s response to dichloropane has been extensively examined, primarily focusing on its ability to block the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporter. This compound functions as a triple reuptake inhibitor, effectively impeding the recycling of monoamine neurotransmitters. Consequently, there is an accumulation of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, the junction between neurons. This accumulation leads to an amplified and prolonged post-synaptic monoaminergic signaling impact at receptors on the receiving neuron. This sudden surge of neurotransmitters in the synapses across various brain regions is believed to underlie the effects attributed to dichloropane.
IC50 (nM) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Compound | DAT | NET | SERT |
Cocaine | 89 ± 4.8 | 3298 ± 293 | 1045 ± 89 |
Dichloropane | 0.79 ± 0.09 | 17.96 ± 0.85 | 3.13 ± 0.36 |
Troparil | 23 ± 5 | 920 ± 73 | 1962 ± 61 |
Subjective effects
The overall cognitive experience induced by dichloropane is often described as moderate to intense mental stimulation, heightened concentration, increased sociability, and euphoria by many users.
In contrast to cocaine, dichloropane tends to generate a less pronounced rush, coupled with a notably prolonged onset, an extended period of diminishing effects, and an overall lengthier duration. This characteristic may result in a reduced propensity for compulsive use compared to cocaine for specific individuals, though it can also entail a comparatively more challenging comedown phase.
Disclaimer:
The effects listed below are derived from the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), which relies on anecdotal user accounts and personal assessments provided by contributors to PsychonautWiki. Consequently, these effects should be approached with a degree of skepticism.
It is essential to recognize that these effects may only sometimes manifest predictably or dependably. Nonetheless, higher doses are more likely to elicit the full effects. Additionally, it is essential to acknowledge that escalating doses raise the likelihood of adverse consequences, including addiction, severe harm, or even fatality ☠.
Physical:
- Stimulation: Dichloropane typically induces a sense of energy and alertness, falling somewhere between cocaine’s intensity and that of substances like modafinil, caffeine, and methylphenidate. The nature of this stimulation varies, with a motivating quality at lower to moderate doses and a more forced, jittery sensation at higher doses. At these elevated levels, individuals may experience jaw clenching, involuntary bodily shakes, and vibrations, resulting in pronounced tremors, unsteady hands, and diminished fine motor control. As the experience wanes, this effect transitions into moderate fatigue and overall exhaustion.
- Abnormal Heartbeat: Dichloropane consistently elevates the heart rate to potentially risky levels, especially with prolonged or exceptionally high dosages.
- Appetite Suppression
- Bronchodilation: Sometimes prominently noticeable and can even lead to difficulty swallowing.
- Dehydration
- Increased Heart Rate
- Increased Blood Pressure
- Increased Perspiration
- Pain Relief
- Teeth Grinding: Although less intense than MDMA-induced teeth grinding.
- Temporary Erectile Dysfunction
- Vasoconstriction
Cognitive:
- Analysis Enhancement: Typically observed at lower to moderate doses.
- Anxiety
- Compulsive Redosing: Less prevalent than with cocaine, possibly due to its weaker impact on dopamine reuptake.
- Cognitive Euphoria
- Disinhibition
- Ego Inflation
- Focus Enhancement: Most effective at lower to moderate doses; higher doses can hinder concentration.
- Increased Libido
- Increased Music Appreciation
- Motivation Enhancement: Dichloropane offers less motivation enhancement than cocaine, with a tendency toward a more “stoning” or demotivating effect linked to its lower dopaminergic activity.
- Thought Acceleration
- Wakefulness
After (Comedown):
- The aftermath of a stimulant experience, often referred to as a “comedown,” is generally marked by negative and uncomfortable sensations compared to the peak effects. This occurs due to neurotransmitter depletion, and in the case of dichloropane, some users report a more pronounced comedown than cocaine, even at typical doses, likely due to its extended duration.
- Anxiety
- Cognitive Fatigue
- Depression
- Irritability
- Motivation Suppression
- Thought Deceleration
- Wakefulness
Please note that these effects are based on user anecdotal reports and should be interpreted cautiously. The manifestation of these effects may vary between individuals and is influenced by dosage and frequency of use factors. For additional user experiences, refer to the KTD Official Experience Report – RTI-111 (AKA Dichloropane) Trial III.
Toxicity
The toxicity and potential long-term health consequences associated with recreational dichloropane usage have not been thoroughly investigated scientifically, and the precise toxic dosage remains unknown. This lack of research is primarily due to the limited history of human consumption of dichloropane. When considering neurotoxicity, defined as damage or cell death in the brain due to drug-induced over-excitation or reactive oxidation, it is reasonable to assume that, like other stimulants primarily functioning through reuptake inhibition (e.g., cocaine), dichloropane may not exhibit these effects. Unlike certain substances, such as methamphetamine, which have suspected mechanisms of direct neurotoxicity, dichloropane’s impact on neurotoxicity is less clear. However, prolonged use or abuse of dichloropane may likely lead to short and potentially long-term downregulation of receptors within the major neurotransmitter (monoamine) systems it interacts with. Nevertheless, this remains an active area of research.
Considering its structural similarity to cocaine, it is essential to recognize that the most significant potential health risks associated with dichloropane may not be neurological but cardiovascular. For instance, severe cardiac adverse events, particularly sudden cardiac death, pose a substantial risk at high doses of cocaine due to cocaine’s interference with cardiac sodium channels. It is plausible that dichloropane could share this risk despite its lack of topical anesthetic activity. Furthermore, chronic cocaine use has been linked to Cocaine-Related Cardiomyopathy. While it remains uncertain whether dichloropane presents similar dangers, it is prudent to exercise additional caution when using it, considering its structural resemblance to cocaine.
It is suspected that regular insufflation of dichloropane can have detrimental effects on the nostrils, nose, and nasal cavities. These may include a loss of the sense of smell, nosebleeds, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, or chronic nasal congestion.
Anecdotal reports from individuals who have experimented with dichloropane within the community suggest no immediate adverse health effects are associated with trying this substance at low to moderate doses when used sparingly. However, it is crucial to recognize that no guarantees exist regarding individual reactions or long-term consequences.
To ensure safety, it is strongly advised that individuals employ harm-reduction practices when using dichloropane.
Tolerance and Potential for Addiction:
Like other stimulants, the chronic use of dichloropane carries a moderate potential for addiction and a high risk of abuse. However, this potential for addiction may be somewhat lower than that of cocaine, although it can lead to psychological dependence in specific individuals. Once addiction takes hold, users may experience cravings and withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt cessation.
Tolerance to many of dichloropane’s effects develops with prolonged and repetitive use. Consequently, users find themselves needing progressively larger doses to achieve the same desired effects. Tolerance reduction typically takes 2 to 4 days to reach half the initial level and 1 to 1.5 weeks to return to baseline (assuming no further consumption). Dichloropane is likely to induce cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after using dichloropane, the efficacy of other stimulants is reduced.
Withdrawal Symptoms:
Regular or extended use of dichloropane may lead to addiction, similar to cocaine. Abrupt discontinuation of the drug can result in a “crash” and various withdrawal symptoms, including paranoia, depression, anxiety, itching, mood swings, irritability, fatigue, insomnia, intense cravings for more of the drug, and, in some instances, nausea and vomiting. Some users even report experiencing symptoms akin to those seen in schizophrenic patients, such as a scattered or incoherent mental state, and describe sensations like a crawling feeling on the skin, commonly referred to as “coke bugs.”
These withdrawal symptoms can persist for weeks or, in severe cases, months. Even after most withdrawal symptoms subside, many users feel a strong urge to use the drug, which may endure for years and intensify during stress.
Psychosis:
Due to its limited history of human use, little is known about dichloropane’s potential to induce psychosis. However, it is reasonable to assume that, when abused, particularly in high doses or for extended periods, it may carry similar risks to cocaine and other dopaminergic stimulants.
Dangerous Interactions: Warning:
Combining psychoactive substances, even if they are individually considered safe, can become hazardous or life-threatening. The following list highlights known dangerous interactions (though it may not encompass all possibilities). Always conduct thorough independent research to ensure the safety of combining two or more substances. Some interactions listed here are sourced from TripSit.
- Stimulants:
- Combining dichloropane with other stimulants can dangerously elevate cardiovascular effects like increased heart rate, potentially leading to fatal outcomes and an increased risk of cardiac arrest.
- Depressants:
- When used alongside depressants like opioids and benzodiazepines, dichloropane’s cardiovascular effects may clash, with one substance increasing heart rate and the other decreasing it. This conflict can be potentially fatal and result in irregular heart rates and cardiac arrest.
- Depressants (Alcohol):
- Combining alcohol, a depressant, with stimulants like dichloropane is risky due to the potential for excessive intoxication. Stimulants counteract alcohol’s sedative effects, leading to a potentially dangerous situation. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol can be significantly intensified, resulting in heightened disinhibition and respiratory depression. If combined, strict limitations on alcohol consumption should be observed.
- MDMA:
- Combining MDMA with dichloropane may enhance neurotoxic and potential cardiotoxic effects.
- MAOIs:
- This combination can lead to dangerously high levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine, potentially reaching fatal levels. Examples of MAOIs include Syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, and some antidepressants.
- Nicotine:
- Some dichloropane users find that consuming tobacco products during dichloropane use enhances euphoria due to nicotine’s dopamine-increasing effects on the brain. However, this practice may lead to undesirable consequences, such as uncontrollable chain smoking during dichloropane use, health risks and added cardiovascular strain associated with tobacco.
Legal status
Germany:
Dichloropane is not classified as a controlled substance under the Narcotics Act (BtMG) or the New Psychoactive Substances Act (NpSG). Technically, it could be categorized as a medicinal product according to §2 of the Medicines Act (A.M.G.) because it elicits a pharmacological effect. However, the European Court of Justice has ruled that this definition is incompatible with E.U. law, rendering Dichloropane unregulated in Germany.
Switzerland:
Dichloropane is classified as a controlled substance listed explicitly in Verzeichnis E.
Turkey:
In Turkey, Dichloropane is classified as a drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.
United States:
Dichloropane may be considered an analog of cocaine under the Federal Analogue Act. This act, found in 21 U.S.C. § 813 of the United States Controlled Substances Act, permits any chemical that is “substantially similar” to a prohibited drug (listed in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption.
FAQ
1. What is Dichloropane?
Dichloropane, or RTI-111 or O-401, is a synthetic stimulant belonging to the phenyltropane class. It shares structural similarities with cocaine and has effects including stimulation, increased focus, sociability, and euphoria.
2. Is Dichloropane legal?
The legal status of Dichloropane varies by country. In some places, like Germany, it is unregulated, while in others, such as Switzerland, it is a controlled substance. In the United States, it may be considered an analog of cocaine under certain conditions.
3. What are the effects of Dichloropane?
Dichloropane’s effects include stimulation, increased heart rate, bronchodilation, appetite suppression, and increased perspiration. It can also lead to teeth grinding and temporary erectile dysfunction. Users may experience cognitive effects like enhanced focus, euphoria, and thought acceleration.
4. Is Dichloropane addictive?
Like many stimulants, Dichloropane has the potential to be moderately addictive and can lead to psychological dependence. Users may develop tolerance, requiring larger doses to achieve the same effects, and may experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop using it.
5. What are the risks associated with Dichloropane?
Dichloropane use can have cardiovascular risks, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. Prolonged or high-dose use may lead to adverse health effects and a pronounced comedown. Long-term usage can potentially result in harm to the heart.
6. Can Dichloropane cause psychosis?
Due to its limited history of human use, it is not well-understood whether Dichloropane can induce psychosis. However, like other dopaminergic stimulants, prolonged and high-dose abuse may pose similar risks to cocaine and other stimulants.
7. Are there dangerous drug interactions with Dichloropane?
Yes, there are potential dangerous interactions when combining Dichloropane with other substances, especially stimulants or depressants. Combining it with certain substances can increase the risk of cardiac issues, irregular heart rates, or overdose. Always research and exercise caution when combining substances.
8. How should I use Dichloropane safely?
If you choose to use Dichloropane, it is crucial to prioritize safety. Start with low to moderate doses, avoid frequent use, and be aware of potential risks. Practicing harm reduction measures, including staying hydrated and taking breaks, is essential to reduce potential harm.
References
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- Ranaldi, R., Anderson, K. G., Ivy Carroll, F., Woolverton, W. L. (December 1, 2000). “Reinforcing and Discriminative Stimulus Effects of RTI 111, a 3-phenyltropane Analog, in Rhesus Monkeys: Interaction with Methamphetamine”. Published in Psychopharmacology, Volume 153 (Issue 1), Pages 103–110. DOI: 10.1007/s002130000602. ISSN 1432-2072.
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