Summary 4-Fluoromethamphetamine (4-FMA) is a stimulant substance that shares a chemical relationship with methamphetamine and 4-fluoroamphetamine. While it has been observed as being available as a designer drug, comprehensive knowledge regarding its pharmacological properties and potential toxicity remains limited.Initially emerging in the context of legal highs in Japan around 2006, it later faced legal restrictions…

Summary 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA), also recognized as 4-FMP, PAL-303, or “Flux,” and alternatively referred to as para-fluoroamphetamine (PFA), belongs to the realm of psychoactive research chemicals, falling within the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine categories. It is characterized by its capacity to induce both stimulating and entactogenic effects. In recreational contexts, 4-FA is occasionally available alongside analogous…

Summary Para-chloroamphetamine (PCA), also recognized as 4-chloroamphetamine (4-CA), falls within the category of substituted amphetamines and serves as a monoamine releaser. It shares similarities with MDMA but is notably more neurotoxic, primarily attributed to the uncontrolled release of both serotonin and dopamine by a metabolite.This compound is frequently employed by neurobiologists as a neurotoxin for…

Summary Parabromoamphetamine (PBA), alternatively referred to as 4-bromoamphetamine (4-BA), belongs to the amphetamine family and functions as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), resulting in stimulant properties.In addition, there is a closely related compound known as parabromomethamphetamine, identified under the codename V-111. Identifiers IUPAC name CAS Number 18455-37-3  PubChem CID 205668 ChemSpider 178189  UNII 6IBU62D1N2 ChEMBL…

Summary Trimethoxyamphetamines (TMAs) comprise a group of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic substances. There are six distinct TMAs, differentiated solely by the arrangement of three methoxy groups: TMA, TMA-2, TMA-3, TMA-4, TMA-5, and TMA-6. These compounds are analogs of mescaline, a phenethylamine cactus alkaloid. TMAs are substituted amphetamines, and their action mechanism is more intricate than the unaltered…

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Summary β-Phenylmethamphetamine, also known as N,α-dimethyl-β-phenyl-phenethylamine, is a highly potent and enduring stimulant substance. Identifiers IUPAC name CAS Number 768295-94-93139-56-8 (hydrochloride) PubChem CID 201042 ChemSpider 174060 UNII 13B0I1EGF7 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID70276795 Chemical and physical data Formula C16H19N Molar mass 225.335 g·mol−1 FAQ 1. What is Beta-Phenylmethamphetamine (BPM)? 2. Is BPM the same as Methamphetamine or…

Summary 3-Methylamphetamine (3-MeA; PAL-314) is classified as a stimulant compound belonging to the amphetamine family. When tested in mice, it exhibits a self-administration behavior similar to that observed with 4-fluoroamphetamine. Notably, it shares characteristics with monoamine releasers, although it distinguishes itself by facilitating a more evenly distributed release of all three monoamines. This sets it…

Summary Ortetamine (INN), recognized as 2-methylamphetamine, belongs to the amphetamine class of stimulant drugs. In animal tests for drug discrimination, it demonstrated a closer similarity to dextroamphetamine compared to 3- or 4-methylamphetamine, albeit with approximately one-tenth the potency of dextroamphetamine. Identifiers IUPAC name CAS Number 5580-32-5 PubChem CID 115808 ChemSpider 103572 UNII VF4N11KKKR CompTox Dashboard…

Summary Para-chloromethamphetamine, also called 4-chloromethamphetamine and 4-CMA, is a stimulant that serves as the N-methyl derivative and prodrug of the neurotoxic compound para-chloroamphetamine (4-CA). This substance has been observed to decrease serotonin levels in rats. Further exploration into the enduring effects of chloroamphetamines revealed that the administration of 4-CMA led to a prolonged reduction in…