Summary Clonidine, marketed under various trade names such as Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, Clophelin, and more, is categorized as a depressant belonging to the imidazoline class of substances. While its primary application is in managing high blood pressure, it is versatile…
Summary Tramadol, which goes by the brand names Ultram, Ralivia, or Tramal, is classified as a synthetic opioid in the phenylpropylamine category. It shares structural similarities with codeine and morphine. Its primary actions include acting as a weak agonist at…
Summary Tianeptine, known by its trade names Stablon and Coaxil, represents an unconventional type of antidepressant. Although it is primarily prescribed for its antidepressant properties, it is sometimes taken in high doses recreationally to achieve opioid-like effects. Its mechanism of…
Summary Tapentadol, frequently marketed under Nucynta, is a synthetic opioid analgesic that shares structural similarities with tramadol. Tapentadol exerts its effects through a dual mechanism of action, functioning as both a μ-opioid receptor agonist and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It…
Summary Sufentanil, or sufentanyl, marketed under the brand name Sufenta, is an exceptionally potent synthetic anilidopiperidine opioid analgesic. It boasts rapid onset and a brief duration of action, making it a valuable tool in the medical field for pain management…
Summary Pethidine, also recognized as meperidine and marketed under the trade name Demerol and other brands, is a synthetic opioid analgesic belonging to the phenylpiperidine class. It was synthesized in 1938[10] with the initial intention of being an anticholinergic agent,…
Summary Oxymorphone, commonly recognized under the brand name Opana, is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic employed for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It shares a structural resemblance with other opioids like morphine and heroin. Oxymorphone’s origins trace back to…
Summary O-Desmethyltramadol, also referred to as O-DSMT or desmetramadol, belongs to the phenylpropylamine class of opioid substances. This compound serves as an active metabolite originating from tramadol.Before emerging for sale in the research chemical market during the 2010s, O-DSMT had…
Summary Morphine belongs to the morphinan class of naturally occurring opioid substances. It is one of the alkaloids naturally found in opium, derived from the poppy plant Papaver somniferum, alongside codeine. Furthermore, morphine serves as the prototype opiate, setting the…
Summary Methadone, available under trade names like Dolophine and Methadose, is a synthetic opioid analgesic utilized to manage moderate to severe pain and address opioid addiction. Its primary application is in the treatment and control of opioid addiction symptoms. While…
