Contents
- 1 Summary
- 2 Pharmacology
- 3 Side effects
- 4 Detection
- 5 Legal status
- 6 FAQ
- 6.1 1. What is Pentedrone?
- 6.2 2. How does Pentedrone work?
- 6.3 3. Is Pentedrone legal?
- 6.4 4. What are the potential risks of using Pentedrone?
- 6.5 5. Can Pentedrone be detected in drug tests?
- 6.6 6. What is the history of legal restrictions on Pentedrone?
- 6.7 7. Are there any known adverse reactions or health issues associated with Pentedrone use?
- 6.8 8. Is Pentedrone addictive?
- 6.9 9. What should I do if I or someone I know experiences adverse effects from Pentedrone use?
- 7 References
Summary
Pentedrone, also referred to as α-methylaminovalerophenone, is a stimulant belonging to the cathinone class. It gained prominence as a designer drug and has been detected since 2010 as a component in several “bath salt” blends marketed as legal recreational substances.
Identifiers | |
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IUPAC name | |
CAS Number | 879722-57-3 |
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PubChem CID | 71750191 |
ChemSpider | 26286729 |
UNII | 2ELU1B757Q |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID101014184 |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.231.338 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C12H17NO |
Molar mass | 191.274 g·mol−1 |
Pharmacology
Pentedrone functions as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, similar to methylphenidate, without inducing their release. This mechanism of action affects neurotransmitter levels in a specific way.
Side effects
There is at least one reported fatality associated with the combined use of Pentedrone and α-PVP, which led to heart failure.
Detection
A forensic standard for Pentedrone is accessible, and the compound has been listed on the Forendex website as a potential substance of abuse.
Legal status
- On January 28, 2014, the DEA placed Pentedrone, along with nine other synthetic cathinones, on Schedule 1 with a temporary prohibition, which came into effect on February 27, 2014.
- Pentedrone is classified as an Anlage II controlled substance in Germany.
- Starting from October 2015, Pentedrone has been designated as a controlled substance in China.
- The Czech Republic has implemented a ban on Pentedrone, making its possession and use unlawful.
FAQ
1. What is Pentedrone?
- Pentedrone is a synthetic stimulant that belongs to the cathinone class. It is known for its stimulant effects and has been used as a recreational drug.
2. How does Pentedrone work?
- Pentedrone primarily acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, similar to drugs like methylphenidate. It affects neurotransmitter levels by inhibiting their reuptake.
3. Is Pentedrone legal?
- The legal status of Pentedrone varies by country and region. In some places, it may be classified as a controlled substance or banned due to its potential for abuse and health risks. Always check your local laws and regulations before considering its use.
4. What are the potential risks of using Pentedrone?
- Pentedrone use can have various risks, including cardiovascular issues, psychological effects, and potential addiction. Its long-term effects and safety profile are not well-documented, making it a substance of concern.
5. Can Pentedrone be detected in drug tests?
- Standard drug tests may not specifically screen for Pentedrone. However, if specifically tested for, it could potentially be detected depending on the test’s sensitivity and specificity.
6. What is the history of legal restrictions on Pentedrone?
- Pentedrone has faced legal restrictions in various countries. For example, it was temporarily banned by the DEA in the United States in 2014. Legal restrictions may vary by region and can change over time.
7. Are there any known adverse reactions or health issues associated with Pentedrone use?
- Pentedrone has been linked to adverse health effects, including cases of heart failure, when used in combination with other substances. However, due to limited research, the full spectrum of potential health issues is not well understood.
8. Is Pentedrone addictive?
- Like many stimulants, Pentedrone has the potential for addiction. Frequent use can lead to psychological dependence, making it important to use it cautiously and be aware of its addictive potential.
9. What should I do if I or someone I know experiences adverse effects from Pentedrone use?
- If you or someone you know experiences negative effects from using Pentedrone, seek immediate medical attention. It’s crucial to be honest with healthcare professionals about substance use to ensure proper care and support.
References
- Anvisa (2023-07-24) issued “RDC Nº 804 – Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control” in Brazilian Portuguese, which was published in Diário Oficial da União on 2023-07-25 and archived on 2023-08-27.
- The EMCDDA Annual Report 2010 contains valuable information regarding substances of abuse.
- Research on Head Shop drugs in Dublin, Part 2, provides insights into new psychoactive substances and the outlets supplying them.
- Westphal F, Junge T, Girreser U, Greibl W, and Doering C (April 2012) conducted mass, NMR, and IR spectroscopic characterization of pentedrone and pentylone and identified their isocathinone by-products.
- Maheux CR Copeland CR (January 2012) conducted a chemical analysis of two designer drugs, buphedrone and pentedrone.
- Poklis JL, Wolf CE, ElJordi OI, Liu K, Zhang S, and Poklis A (January 2015) analyzed the first- and second-generation Raving Dragon Novelty Bath Salts containing methylone and pentedrone.
- Zancajo VM, Brito J, Carrasco MP, Bronze MR, Moreira R, and Lopes A (November 2014) provided analytical profiles of “legal highs” containing cathinones available in the area of Lisbon, Portugal.
- Simmler LD, Rickli A, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (April 2014) investigated the monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of a new series of designer cathinones.
- Hwang JY, Kim JS, Oh JH, Hong SI, Ma SX, Jung YH, Ko YH, Lee SY, Kim HC, and Jang CG (January 2017) studied the rewarding properties and dopaminergic activity of the new stimulant designer compound, pentedrone.
- Sykutera M, Cychowska M, and Bloch-Boguslawska E (May 2015) reported a fatal case of pentedrone and α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone poisoning.
- The Southern Association of Forensic Scientists provides information on pentedrone.
- On January 28, 2014, the DEA temporarily banned pentedrone along with nine other synthetic cathinones, effective February 27, 2014.
- Pentedrone is classified as a controlled substance in China as of October 2015.
- In the Czech Republic, pentedrone is included in the list of psychotropic substances.
- “关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知” (in Chinese) was issued by the China Food and Drug Administration on September 27, 2015, regarding the regulation of non-medicinal psychoactive substances.