Summary W-18 belongs to a group of 32 compounds designated as W-1 to W-32, initially developed during research on analgesic drug discovery in the 1980s. While it was first synthesized at the University of Alberta as part of this analgesic drug research, preliminary studies in mice showed its potential as a pain-relieving agent.Notably, W-18 gained…

Summary Tolibut, scientifically known as 3-(p-tolyl)-4-aminobutyric acid or β-(4-methylphenyl)-GABA, is a pharmaceutical compound developed in Russia. This substance is categorized as a derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), making it a GABA analog. Specifically, halibut is the 4-methyl variant of phenibut and shares structural similarities with baclofen, replacing the 4-chloro group with a 4-methyl substitution.Tolibut has…

Summary Phenibut, available under various brand names such as Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen, is a central nervous system depressant known for its anxiolytic properties. It is prescribed to address conditions like anxiety, insomnia, and other related indications. Typically administered orally in tablet form, it can also be given intravenously.Phenibut may induce several side effects, including…

Summaru Pagoclone, a member of the cyclopyrrolone family, is classified as an anxiolytic agent, sharing its lineage with more familiar drugs like the sleep aid zopiclone. This compound was initially synthesized by a team of French researchers working for Rhone-Poulenc & Rorer S.A. It falls within the nonbenzodiazepine category, which, despite yielding effects akin to…

Summary Benzylbutylbarbiturate, scientifically referred to as 5-benzyl-5-n-butylbarbituric acid, stands as an uncommon instance of a designer drug within the barbiturate class, potentially one of the few of its kind identified in recent times. This substance came to the attention of law enforcement in Japan in the year 2000, and it is presumed to have been…

Summary 4-Fluorophenibut, which also goes by the developmental code name CGP-11130, is recognized as β-(4-fluorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyric acid or β-(4-fluorophenyl)-GABA. It operates as an agonist for the GABAB receptor, although it never reached the commercial market.In its selectivity, 4-Fluorophenibut demonstrates a preference for the GABAB receptor over the GABAA receptor, with respective IC50 values of 1.70 μM…

Summary 2-Methyl-2-pentanol, also known by its IUPAC name, 2-methylpentan-2-ol, is an organic chemical compound. It finds utility in gas chromatography as an additive for the differentiation of branched compounds, particularly alcohols, due to its unique properties.Moreover, the detection of 2-Methyl-2-pentanol in urine serves as an indicator for exposure to 2-methylpentane, making it valuable in toxicological…

Summary Throughout its history, Trichloroethanol (TAA) has served as an anesthetic, as documented in the past. More recently, it has gained notoriety as a recreational drug. TAA primarily functions as a positive allosteric modulator for GABAA receptors, akin to ethanol. Notably, both TAA and ethanol share psychotropic effects, although each possesses distinct characteristics. TAA tends…